什么是限制性定语从句

时间 : 2023-02-14 17:03:44 来源 : 互联网

什么是限制性定语从句

关于限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,对其有限制性作用,因此不可缺少。否则会影响全句的意义,一般不用逗号与主句分开。下面小编为大家分享限制性定语从句,欢迎大家参考借鉴。

限制性定语从句


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1.语法解释:

(A)一个句子做定语就叫定语从句。(B)限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,对其有限制性作用,因此不可缺少。否则会影响全句的意义,一般不用逗号与主句分开。2.用法口诀:名词、代词做先行词,与定语从句不分离。关联词是副二代,主、宾、定、状记得快。

3.关系代词:

who做主语(修饰人);whom做宾语(修饰人);that做主语或宾语(修饰人或物);which做主语或宾语(修饰物);whose做定语(修饰人或物)

4.关系副词:

when做状语(修饰时间);where做状语(修饰地点);why做状语(修饰原因);另外还有since,before,after也可以作表示时间的关系副词。

Taidy is a boy who awlays gives a hand to others when they are in trouble.

泰迪是个在别人遇到难处时总能给予援助的孩子。(boy是先行词,who叫关系代词,在定语从句中做主语,修饰人。)Toony is the one whom Taidy helps most.托尼是泰迪帮助最多的人。(one是先行词,whom是关系代词,在定语从句中做help的宾语,修饰人。)Toomy is a good student whose thinking is creative.托咪是个想法很有创造性的好学生。(student是先行词,whose是关系代词,在定语从句中做定语,修饰人。)They live in a room whose windows face to the south.他们住在一间窗户朝南的房子里。(room是先行词,whose是关系代词,做定语,修饰物。)以上几个例句主要是修饰人的。下面我们看几个修饰物的句子。This is the book thatwhich my elder brother gave me.这是那本我哥哥给我的书。(book是先行词,thatwhich关系代词,在句中做主语,修饰物。)The book whose cover is red is my favoriate.那本红色封皮的书是我最喜欢的`。(book是先行词,whose是关系代词,在定语从句中做定语,修饰物。)Reading stories is a happy time when he puts his heart into it.托尼全神贯注读故事时是很开心的时刻。(time是先行词,when关系副词,在定语从句中做状语。)Every hour since I came has been enjoyable.我来之后的每个小时都是非常好玩的。(hour是先行词,since是关系副词,在定语从句中作状语。)On the day before we left home there came a snowstorm.我们离开家的前一天,下了一场暴风雪。(day是先行词,before是关系副词,在定语从句中作状语。)The year after she had finished college she spent abroad.她大学毕业后的一年是在国外度过的。(year是先行词,after是关系副词,作状语。)The apple tree is a place where he often reads.苹果树下是他经常读书的地方。(place是先行词,where是关系副词,在定语从句中做状语。)The reason why he likes reading is he feels pleased.他读书的原因是读书使他感到愉悦。(reason是现行词,why是关系副词,在定语从句中做状语。)

定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种:

1.限制性定语从句(Restrictive attributive clauses):

限制性定语从句,使所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西,如果去掉它,那个词就失去意义,句子就不能成立或不完整:

Any one who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.

谁要是在林中乱扔垃圾将受到指控。

这句话如把who引起的定语从句去掉,句子就不能成立。上节例子中的定语从句大部分都是限制性定语从句。只有在这种定语从句中,关系代词才有可能省略。

2.非限制性定语从句(Non—Restrictive Attributive Clauses):

有些定语从句只对某个词作进一步的说明,例如:

She was married to Tony, who was also a student.

这里who引起的就是一个非限定性定语从句,拿掉之后句子还能成立。在一般情况下,非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句予的其它部分分开,在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。下面例句中部包含有非限制性定语从句:

The note was left by Jim,who was here a moment ago.

这个条子是吉姆留的,他刚才来过。

She introduced me to her husband,whom I hadn’t met before.

她把我介绍给她丈夫,这人我以前没见过。

This is George,whose class you will be taking.

这是乔治,你将接他的班。

I have many friends,some of whom were painters.

我有许多朋友,其中有些是画家。

She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed she spoke well.

她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。

非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的,也不能使用关系代词that引导。指物时which用得比较多,有时还可代表更广泛的意思,指人时用who(whom)。

标签: 限制性定语从句

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